Apt
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apt-get
Update the local cache of the repositories:
sudo apt-get update
Update all installed packages
sudo apt-get upgrade
Remove a package
sudo apt-get remove ${PACKAGE}
apt-cache
Use to locate packages by searching name and description:
apt-cache search tree
apt-file
Use to locate packages that provide a given file. First you must retrieve the database & indexes:
sudo apt-file update
Then search for the file:
apt-file search rpmbuild
List the files that belong (or would be installed by a package):
apt-file list git-deamon-run
dpkg
To list the installed packages:
dpkg -l
To list the files installed by an installed package:
dpkg -L ${package}
To list the files that would be installed by a package
dpkg -c ${.deb file}
To find which package owns a file
dpkg -S ${filename}
To install
dpkg -i ${.deb file}
To remove
dpkg -r ${package}
More here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/howto/question/linux/dpkg-cheat-sheet.php